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The material study of ancient coins is very often rendered particularly challenging by several factors: the presence of surface alteration products; the occasional or deliberate, e.g., forgery, changes in the composition of the base alloy; the misleading information deriving from historical and literature sources.
We present herewith a multi-analytical approach to the study of ancient coins.
X-ray diffraction-X-ray fluorescence (XRD-XRF) data sets obtained from surface scans of synthetic samples have been analyzed using different data clustering algorithms, to propose a methodology for automatic crystallographic and chemical classification of surfaces.
Three data clustering strategies have been evaluated, namely hierarchical, k-means, and density-based clustering; all of them have been applied to the distance matrix calculated from the single XRD and XRF data sets as well as the combined distance matrix.
The information provided by material investigations on ancient coins is interesting in many respects, as concerns the archaeological and historical research.
In this study a set of Venetian sesino coins, minted over a period ranging from 1554 until 1605, have been investigated to shed light on some aspects of the so-called mistura (mixture) alloy.